1. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)
a. Rumus :
(+) S + VI + s/es
(-) S + do/does + not + VI
(?) Do/does + s + VI + ?
b. Pemakaian :
1. Untuk menyatakan kebiasaan rutin atau kegiatan sehari – hari.
(+) She goes to school everyday.
(-) She does not go to school everyday.
(?) Does she go to school everyday?
2. Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu sekarang.
(+) They understand the material now.
(-) They do not understand the material now.
(?) Do they understand the material now?
3. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran atau kenyataan umum.
(+) The sun rises in the east.
(+) A week has seven days.
c. Kata keterangan :
1. Keterangan waktu (adverbial of time):
Everyday : Setiap hari
Every week : Setiap minggu
Every Month : Setiap bulan
In the morning : Di pagi hari
2. Keterangan Tempat (adverbial of place) :
Here : Di sini
There : Di sana
3. Keterangan Frekuensi (adverbial of frequency) :
Always : Selalu
Usually : Biasanya
Sometimes : Kadang - kadang
Seldom : Jarang
Often : Seringkali
2. Present Continues Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang) :
a. Rumus :
(+) S + to be (is, am, are) + (VI + ing)
(-) S + to be (is, am, are) + not + (VI + ing)
(?)To be (is, am, are) + S + (VI + ing) + ?
b. Pemakaian :
1. Untuk menyatakan waktu sekarang
(+) I am going to school the now.
(-) I am not going to the school now.
(?) Am I going to the school now ?
2. Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di waktu yang akan datang.
(+) Melly is walking to the market tomorrow.
(-) Melly is not walking to the market tomorrow atau Melly isn’t walking to the market tomorrow.
(?) Is Melly walking to the market tomorrow ?
c. Keterangan Waktu (yang sering dipakai)
Tomorrow : Besok
Tonight : Nanti malam
This evening : Malam ini
Next week : Minggu depan
Now : Sekarang
Today : Hari ini
This moment : Saat ini
Next year : Tahun depan
3. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Selesai Sekarang)
a. Rumus :
(+) S + has/have + VIII
(-) S + has/have + not + VIII
(?) has/have + S + VIII + ?
b. Pemakaian :
1. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di waktu lampau (kita tidak tahu kapan persisnya)
(+) I have written my report.
(-) I have not written my report atau I haven’t written my report.
(?) Have I written my report ?
2. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang dilakukan lebih dari 1 kali di waktu lampau.
(+) He has seen this video five times.
(-) He has not seen this video five times.
(?) Has he seen this video five times ?
3. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang masih dimulai di waktu lampau tetapi masih berlangsung sampai sekarang.
(+) Dian has study music in her school music for 5 months.
(-) Dian has not study in her school music for 5 months.
(?) Has Dian study music in her school music for 5 months ?
c. Catatan tambahan :
S = I, we, they, you = have
S = He, she, it = has
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Selesai Sedang Berlangsung)
a. Rumus :
(+) S + has/have + been + (VI + ing)
(-) S + has/have + not + been + (VI + ing)
(?) Has/have + S + been + (VI + ing) + ?
b. Pemakaian :
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang.
(+) We have been playing game since morning.
(-) We have not been playing game since morning atau we haven’t been playing game since morning.
(?) Have we been playing game since morning ?
